Introduction

What is Arrhythmia?

Heart rhythm is mainly controlled by the conduction system of the heart. Any abnormality in the conduction system may result in arrhythmia. Patients with arrhythmia may experience palpitations, chest discomfort, dizziness, or vertigo. In severe cases, loss of consciousness or sudden death may occur.

Causes

Causes

  • ● Coronary artery disease
  • ● Cardiomyopathy
  • ● Congenital heart disease
  • ● Genetic arrhythmia syndromes
  • ● Idiopathic (unknown) causes
Symptoms

Symptoms

  • ● Palpitations
  • ● Chest discomfort or pain
  • ● Dizziness or vertigo
  • ● Syncope (fainting)
  • ● Sudden cardiac arrest
Operation

The EPS & RFA Procedure

This invasive procedure is generally performed under local anesthesia in the Cardiac Catheterization & Intervention Laboratory (CCIL). 

Patients remain awake but sedation may be provided if needed.

Electrodes are attached to the chest to monitor heart rate and rhythm. Blood oxygen levels and blood pressure will also be monitored during the procedure.

Small incisions are made in the groin, under the clavicle, or around the neck to access arteries or veins.

Catheters are guided into the heart under X-ray imaging. Electrical signals are recorded from specific sites within the heart, and small electrical currents are delivered to trigger arrhythmias.

If a persistent arrhythmia occurs, direct current (DC) cardioversion may be used to restore normal rhythm.

Radiofrequency (RF) energy is then delivered via a special catheter tip for about 60 seconds to destroy abnormal heart tissue and cure the arrhythmia.

Another EPS is performed after ablation to confirm the success of the procedure.

The entire procedure may last from 3 to over 5 hours depending on the complexity of the arrhythmia.

After the procedure, patients are observed in the ward for 12 to 24 hours.

Notice

Postoperative Care

  • ● Patients are usually discharged one day after the procedure.
  • ● The wound will be inspected and covered with a light dressing. Keep the wound clean and change the dressing if it becomes wet. Generally, showering is allowed from the second day after the procedure.
  • ● Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for at least 7 days to prevent bleeding.
  • ● Bruising near the wound is common and usually resolves within 2 to 3 weeks.
  • ● If signs of infection occur, such as redness, swelling, pain, or discharge, seek medical attention immediately.
  • ● Before discharge, medical staff will explain the procedure results and discuss further management plans during follow-up visits. Patients are advised to bring family members to follow-up appointments.

For further information, please consult your attending doctor or cardiologist. 

The above information is for reference only. As each patient’s condition may vary, please consult your doctor for individual assessment and advice.